外傷後造成胎兒死亡的原因

第一名: maternal death


第二名: abruptio placentae

胎盤早期剝離的發生率
1-5 % of minor injuries VS. 40-50% of major injuries


胎盤早期剝離的典型症狀: painful vaginal bleeding in the 3rd trimester
1) abdominal pain
2) vaginal bleeding
3) tetanic uterine contractions